Enzymatic cascade systems for D-amino acid synthesis: progress and perspectives

D-amino acids, different from the ubiquitous L-amino are recognized as “unnatural” amino acids. The applications of acids have drawn increasing interest researchers in recent years, and widely used various industries, including for food products, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals. Inspired by prevalent applications, many synthetic methods been developed, which mainly divided into chemical biosynthetic methods. Chemical synthesis has a variety disadvantages such multiple reaction steps, low yields, rates, difficulties product extraction. Thus, utilizing enzymes attracting attention because they more energy-saving environmentally friendly compared to traditional synthesis. Among all enzymatic methods, multi-enzymatic cascade catalytic significant advantages, lower costs, no need intermediate separation, higher efficiency, is ascribed spatial proximity biocatalysts. In this review, advances multi-enzyme systems well chemo-enzymatic approaches synthesize discussed.